Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Congestive heart failure affects almost 6 million Americans. It occurs when the heart has difficulty pumping blood because it either cannot squeeze well (the heart is too weak), or cannot relax well (the heart is too stiff ).

The effects of CHF
The heart’s pumping problem can cause fluid to back up into the lungs, causing shortness of breath. This is often worse with exercise or when lying flat. If the fluid backs up into the body, it can cause swelling of the legs or abdomen. CHF can also reduce your energy. Most people with CHF can be helped to feel much better – and to live longer – by following a doctor’s recommendations and by taking medications that help the heart do its pumping work.

How is CHF diagnosed?
Your doctor can find out if you have CHF based on your symptoms and a physical exam. An echo-cardiogram, which takes a picture of the heart using sound waves, can help explain what the problem is.

Treating related conditions
Several medical problems can cause or worsen CHF, and many of these can be treated or managed. These include high blood pressure, heart attack, and some lung diseases.
 

Changes you can make
Too much salt in the diet can make CHF worse, and many Americans eat far too much salt. Your doctor may advise you to limit the amount of salt you eat.
 

To cut down on salt:
• don’t add salt to your food
• avoid canned foods
• avoid eating out, especially fast food

Your doctor may also tell you to limit the amount of liquid you take in.

Weigh yourself every day.
This will help you and your doctor know if a change in treatment is needed, because weight gain can be the first sign that CHF is worsening.

Stay active.
Many patients with CHF can benefit from an exercise program. Talk to your doctor about how much exercise is right for you.

What medications can help CHF?
Some treatments for CHF, such as diuretics, can help your body get rid of excess salt and water. Other drugs can help your heart pump more strongly and enable you to live longer. Take these medications exactly as your doctor prescribes, and stick with your drug schedule even if you don’t notice an improvement in how you feel.

What else can I do?
Smoking and excessive alcohol can worsen CHF. If you smoke, quit! If your symptoms don’t improve enough with medications and lifestyle changes, your doctor may suggest a procedure designed to make the heart work better. These are usually done by specialized heart doctors.

Call your doctor…
• if your weight goes up
• if your shortness of breath gets worse
• if you get lightheaded or dizzy
• if you have more swelling around
your ankles

Sometimes worsening CHF can be managed at home by having your doctor adjust your medications, but only if you keep in close touch.

More information
For more information on CHF, visit the Heart Failure Society of America at www.abouthf.org.